VALUES	Horse	Cow	Llama	Sheep/Goat	Pig
Temperature(F)	99-100.5	100-102.5	99-101.8	102-104	100.5-104
Pulse (beats per minute)	28-40	40-80	60-90	70-80	60-80
Respiration (breaths per minute)	8-16	10-30	10-30	10-20	10-20
Gestation (days)	330-345	280	335-350	150	114

TIPS FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE, PULSE AND RESPIRATION

To take your animal’s temperature, use a digital thermometer lubricated with liquid soap or oil and inserted in the rectum.

Pulse and respiration may be counted for 15 seconds then multiplied by four to reach the count per minute.  Respiration is best counted before you enter the stall or disturb the animal in any way.  

Ambient temperature and how long you chased the animal around the field may cause temperature, pulse and respiration to be artificially elevated.  If you have any question as to whether these values are really elevated compare to the temperature, pulse and respiration of a herd mate who appears to be in good health.


In addition to illness, both ambient temperature and level of excitation can increase pulse and respiration, so double check with a normal herd mate.